The five factors are: Openness to Experience (O), Conscientiousness (C), Extraversion (E), Agreeableness (A), and Neuroticism (N see Table Table1 1 for descriptions). There are multiple conceptions of personality structure and the best way to measure the varying arrangements (Stankov et al., 1995), but many in the field have reached a working consensus that there are five broad, super-ordinate factors/domains from which a wide variety of personality-related behaviors and constellations can be classified (Digman, 1990 McCrae and Costa, 2008), commonly referred to as the Five Factor Model (FFM) or the “Big Five” (Digman, 1990 McCrae and Costa, 1997, 2008). Some even contend that most psychology-related variables used in studying health (e.g., optimism, hopelessness, self-efficacy, locus of control) simply reflect different aspects of personality (Marshall et al., 1994).
Moreover, personality factors have been found to be related to various health outcomes (Deary et al., 2010), such as mortality (Schwartz et al., 1995), accident involvement (Clarke and Robertson, 2005 Sümer et al., 2005), health behaviors and outcomes (Hampson et al., 2006 Roberts et al., 2007), and even health knowledge (Beier and Ackerman, 2003). Personality is a meaningful predictor of important life outcomes such as occupation selection (Filer, 1986), job performance (Ones et al., 1993 Judge et al., 1999), and academic success (Poropat, 2009).
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